Sh:1050

• Malliaris, M., & Shelah, S. (2018). Keisler’s order has infinitely many classes. Israel J. Math., 224(1), 189–230. arXiv: 1503.08341 DOI: 10.1007/s11856-018-1647-7 MR: 3799754
• Abstract:
  We prove, in ZFC, that there is an infinite strictly descending chain of classes of theories in Keisler’s order. Thus Keisler’s order is infinite and not a well order. Moreover, this chain occurs within the simple unstable theories, considered model-theoretically tame. Keisler’s order is a large scale classification program in model theory, introduced in the 1960s, which compares the complexity of theories. Prior to this paper, it was thought to have finitely many classes, linearly ordered. The model-theoretic complexity we find is witnessed by a very natural class of theories, the n-free k-hypergraphs studied by Hrushovski. Notably, this complexity reflects the difficulty of amalgamation and appears orthogonal to forking.
• published version (42p)

@article{Sh:1050,
 author = {Malliaris, Maryanthe and Shelah, Saharon},
 title = {{Keisler's order has infinitely many classes}},
 journal = {Israel J. Math.},
 fjournal = {Israel Journal of Mathematics},
 volume = {224},
 number = {1},
 year = {2018},
 pages = {189--230},
 issn = {0021-2172},
 mrnumber = {3799754},
 mrclass = {03C45 (03C20 03E05 06E10)},
 doi = {10.1007/s11856-018-1647-7},
 note = {\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1503.08341}{arXiv: 1503.08341}},
 arxiv_number = {1503.08341}
}